几类粒子密度算符和粒子流密度算符的讨论

从粒子密度和粒子流密度出发,分析了几类相关的算符,讨论了它们的性质与相互关系;从具体的物理意义出发,明确了合适的粒子密度算符和粒子流密度算符的表达形式.     

Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous determination of three major flavonoids and their glucuronidated metabolites in rats after oral administration of Artemisia annua L. extract at a therapeutic ultra‐low dose

The traditional antimalarial herb Artemisia annua L., from which artemisinin is isolated, is widely used in endemic regions. It has been suggested that artemisinin activity can be enhanced by flavonoids in A. annua; however, how fast and how long the flavonoids are present in the body remains unknown. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of three major flavonoids components, i.e. chrysosplenol D, chrysoplenetin, and artemetin and their glucuronidated metabolites in rats after oral administrations of A. annua extracts at a therapeutic ultra‐low dose. The concentration of the intact form was determined directly, and the concentration of the glucuronidated form was assayed in the form of flavonoids aglycones, after treatment with β‐glucuronidase/sulfatase. The method was linear in the range of 0.5–300.0 ng/mL for chrysoplenetin and artemetin, and 2–600 ng/mL for chrysosplenol D. All the validation data conformed to the acceptance requirements. The study revealed a significantly higher exposure of the flavonoid constituents in conjugated forms in rats, with only trace intact from. Multiple oral doses of A. annua extracts led to a decreased plasma concentration levels for three flavonoids.     

柠檬果茶中游离态和键合态挥发性成分分析

以柠檬果茶为研究对象,建立了顶空固相微萃取前处理结合气相色谱质谱联用技术测定其中挥发性化合物的分析方法。采用开水冲泡对样品进行提取,通过Amberlite XAD-2大孔吸附树脂对柠檬果茶中的糖苷类挥发性组分键合,分离游离态和键合态化合物,甲醇溶剂作为洗脱剂对键合态化合物进行洗脱,Almondsβ-D-葡萄糖苷酶对其酶解。使用气质联用对样品中游离态和键合态挥发性成分进行检测,其结果根据数据库匹配和对比文献保留时间定性,内标法进行定量。结果表明,柠檬果茶中含有游离态物质24种,键合态物质16种,主要为(+)-柠檬烯、1-辛醇、橙花醇、(-)-4-萜品醇、alpha-松油醇等。方法为花果茶干燥工艺提供参考。     

多壁碳纳米管分散固相萃取结合在线GPC/GC-MS/MS技术同时检测茶叶中40种有机磷农药

建立了一种以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为分散固相萃取吸附剂的前处理净化技术,结合在线凝胶色谱/气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GPC/GC-MS/MS)同时测定茶叶中40种有机磷农药残留的方法。茶叶用乙腈提取,经MWCNTs净化后进行GPC/GC-MS/MS分析。利用该方法对空白茶叶样品进行20、50、150μg/kg 3个不同浓度水平的加标回收试验,平均回收率为84.2%~109.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)不大于8.9%,方法检出限为0.5~4.6μg/kg。该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、成本低,可以满足多种农药残留同时分析的要求。     

Immune modulation properties of herbal plant leaves: Phyllanthus niruri aqueous extract on immune cells of tuberculosis patient - in vitro study

Disease progression in Tuberculosis (TB) is dependent on host’s immune system. Phyllanthus niruri, a traditional herb, has long been used to boost immune system in Indonesian society. This study aimed to observe the potential role of P. niruri in inducing immune cells activity in TB patients by in vitro approach. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and macrophages were collected from active pulmonary TB patients. After stimulation with graded doses of P. niruri aqueous extract, cell proliferation, phagocytic activity and nitric oxide (NO) release were analysed. P. niruri aqueous extract induced proliferation of PBMCs, increased NO release, and improved macrophages phagocytic activity. These effects were observed in a dose-dependent manner. This may lead to further research for the potential role of P. niruri as immunomodulatory adjuvant therapy for TB patients.     

高效液相色谱法测定感冒止咳颗粒中黄芩苷的含量

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,用C18色谱柱,甲醇-水-冰乙酸为(55:45:1,V/V/V)流动相,在波长276 nm处测定感冒止咳颗粒中黄芩苷的含量.黄芩苷在0.101～1.01μg范围内与峰面积有良好的线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率为100.26%,相对标准偏差为1.52%(n=6).该法操作简便,分析速度快,结果准确,可用于感冒止咳颗粒中黄芩苷含量的测定.     

表面活性剂存在下Mn(Ⅶ)氧化胭脂红的褪色反应及其应用

研究了表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)存在下,锰(Ⅶ)氧化胭脂红的褪色反应。结果表明,在硫酸介质中,锰(Ⅶ)能够氧化胭脂红褪色,SDS可大幅度提高反应的灵敏度,且氧化褪色程度与锰(Ⅶ)的含量在一定的范围内符合比尔定律。据此建立了表面活性剂增敏、褪色光度法测定锰(Ⅶ)的新方法。锰(Ⅶ)的测定范围为0~4.0μg.mL-1,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.3×104L.mol-1.cm-1,应用于茶叶中锰的测定,结果满意。     

宜昌茶叶的氟含量及氟浸出率的测定

利用氟离子选择电极,测定了湖北宜昌几种茶叶中的氟含量及氟的浸出率。结果表明,这几种茶叶氟含量在46．8—357．1μg／g之间,茶叶氟的浸出率在72．9％-80．1％之间,宜昌茶叶可作为一种安全的氟来源。     

原子吸收光谱法测定宁夏几种中草药中微量元素含量

采用原子光谱法测定了宁夏几种野生中草药苦豆子、败酱草、老瓜头全草及根、茎、叶中Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd 8种元素的含量。结果表明,几种野生中草药Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu含量较为丰富,Pb含量低,Cd未检出,分析结果对几种中草药的辨证使用及其生长环境的研究具有一定的实际意义。     

原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中铅和镉时消解方法的优化

采用多种方法对同一种茶叶进行消解,用原子吸收光谱法测定不同方法消解的茶叶中有害微量元素铅和镉的含量并进行对比,探索了茶叶中微量元素铅和镉低损耗的最佳消解条件.实验结果表明,不同的消解方式对茶叶中微量元素的测定结果影响很大.测定茶叶中铅和镉元素时,采用硝酸-高氯酸加盖浸泡过夜方法较为理想.